REAIM 2023 Call to Action

Summary

Joint call agreed by government representatives at the 2023 REAIM summit in The Hague on the responsible development, deployment and use of AI in the military domain. It names concerns about unreliable AI systems, human involvement, unclear liability and unintended escalation; commits to keeping humans responsible and accountable for decisions; stresses appropriate safeguards and human oversight, risk assessment and data governance consistent with international law; warns that adoption without sufficient research, testing and assurance may cause inadvertent harm; and invites states to develop national frameworks.

Safety topics

Status notes

Agreed at the first REAIM summit, held at the World Forum in The Hague on 15-16 February 2023, organised by the Dutch foreign and defence ministries and co-hosted by South Korea, with some 2,000 delegates. The text has 25 numbered paragraphs: sixteen on shared understandings of the opportunities and risks of military AI, followed by the call to action proper (paragraphs 17 to 25), which asks states, the private sector, academia and civil society to build knowledge, exchange good practices and continue a multi-stakeholder dialogue, and ends by inviting all stakeholders worldwide to join it. The government's list of endorsing countries and territories (published 4 April 2025) names 58, among them China, the United States, the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea. The summit also announced a Global Commission on AI in the military domain. Later REAIM summits produced the Blueprint for Action (Seoul, 2024; INT-16) and the 2026 Pathways to Action (INT-18), which builds on both.

Sources

Open the official source https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2023/02/16/reaim-2023-call-to-action

Secondary source: https://www.government.nl/site/binaries/site-content/collections/documents/2023/02/16/reaim-2023-call-to-action/REAIM+2023+Call+to+Action.pdf

Local copy

Verification

History

1. 2026-10-18related: [{"slug": "political-declaration-responsible-military-ai", "id": "INT-13"}, {"sl → [{"slug": "political-declaration-responsible-military-ai", "id": "INT-13"}, {"sl — two-way link added: NATO-01, UN-10 link(s) to INT-142026-10-18-fix-related-links · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2. 2026-10-17notes: Agreed at the first REAIM summit, The Hague, 15-16 Feb 2023. It was followed by → Agreed at the first REAIM summit, held at the World Forum in The Hague on 15-16 — rewritten: summit dates, venue, organisers and attendance from the stored news items; the list of 58 endorsing countries and territories; the structure of the text; the later REAIM documents from the stored 2026 Pathways to Action2026-10-17-recheck-international-2 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
3. 2026-10-17safety_topics: ["national security & military", "human oversight", "international cooperation"] → ["national security & military", "human oversight", "accountability & liability" — 'accountability & liability' added: the text commits to humans remaining responsible and accountable and names unclear liability as a concern2026-10-17-recheck-international-2 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
4. 2026-10-17summary: A joint call to action on developing, deploying and using AI responsibly in the → Joint call agreed by government representatives at the 2023 REAIM summit in The — rewritten from the full PDF text, which the previous summary described only in general terms; the venue added2026-10-17-recheck-international-2 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
5. 2026-10-17issuing_body: Government representatives at the Summit on Responsible Artificial Intelligence → Government representatives at the 2023 REAIM summit on responsible AI in the mil — venue, organisers and co-host added from the government.nl news item of 16 February 2023 and the announcement of 19 January 20232026-10-17-recheck-international-2 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)

Related records

Political Declaration on Military AI Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of AI (US-led initiative) · Published (non-binding, current)

UNGA resolution 78/241 on LAWS United Nations · Published (non-binding, current)

REAIM Blueprint for Action (Seoul, 2024) REAIM Summit (Seoul, 2024) · Published (non-binding, current)

REAIM Pathways to Action (A Coruña, 2026) REAIM Summit (A Coruña, 2026) · Published (non-binding, current)

NATO AI Strategy (revised 2024) NATO · Published (non-binding, current)

UNGA resolution 79/239 on AI in the military domain United Nations · Published (non-binding, current)

Citation

Government representatives at the 2023 REAIM summit on responsible AI in the military domain, The Hague, organised by the Netherlands' Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Defence and co-hosted by the Republic of Korea. REAIM 2023 Call to Action. 2023-02-16. https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2023/02/16/reaim-2023-call-to-action. Status: Published (non-binding, current); verified 2026-10-17 (level A). Local copy archive/INT-14/2026-10-11/official.html retrieved 2026-10-11 13:57:42 UTC, SHA-256 67a6cab829d576aef916f822505b9264557b9c554cbf3f3613d82cff0d155b8b. Every AI Policy Ever, version 1.18 (snapshot 2026-10-18), record INT-14.

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