Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law

Record COE-01 · CETS No. 225

Issued by: Council of Europe Committee of Ministers
Jurisdiction: Council of Europe
Level · region: International · Europe
Published / adopted: 2024-09-05
Language: English, French
Official identifier: CETS No. 225

Summary

A binding treaty under which Parties must ensure that activities within the lifecycle of AI systems are consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of law. It requires measures on transparency and oversight, including identification of AI-generated content, accountability, equality, privacy, reliability and safe innovation; remedies, procedural safeguards and notice of interacting with an AI system; and a graduated framework to identify, assess and mitigate risks, with testing where appropriate and possible bans or moratoria. It applies to public authorities; for private actors, each Party declares how it addresses risks. National defence is excluded.

Safety topics

accountability & liabilitytransparency & labellinghuman oversightrisk-based classificationpublic-sector useinternational cooperation

Status notes

Adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 17 May 2024 and opened for signature in Vilnius on 5 September 2024; the English and French texts are equally authentic. Under Article 30 it enters into force on the first day of the month after a three-month period following the date on which five signatories, at least three of them Council of Europe member States, have consented to be bound. The EU signed on 5 September 2024 and approved the Convention by Council Decision (EU) 2026/1080 of 21 April 2026, after the European Parliament's consent of 11 March 2026; the text was published in the EU Official Journal on 13 May 2026 (OJ L, 2026/1081), and the EU declared that it applies the Convention to private actors through the AI Act. EUR-Lex gives the date of entry into force as unknown (pending notification) or not yet in force. Parties need not apply it to activities protecting their national security interests. A Conference of the Parties follows its implementation, and each Party reports to it within two years of becoming a Party.

Sources

Open the official source https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/the-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence

Secondary source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2026/1081/oj/eng

Local copy

Partial (secondary source only). The official source could not be downloaded (HTTP 403 Forbidden); only the secondary source was saved. The secondary source is a bot-check or empty page (The site returned a JavaScript bot-check page (web application firewall) instead of the document). The browser retry also failed (HTTP 403 (in browser)). Last attempt 2026-10-17 18:17:55 UTC

Secondary source (third-party copy, not published) archive/COE-01/2026-10-17/secondary.html

Retrieved 2026-10-17 18:18:03 UTC

SHA-256 4527f31fd5977e1c4d13e8d4fae7ade6d6590059fb7afb08572ff0bdb4493214

Warning: The site returned a JavaScript bot-check page (web application firewall) instead of the document

Verification

The instrument's own official text, or an official register, was stored and confirms the title, date and status. checked 2026-10-17 · official-url-fetched

Stored and read in this run: the Convention's text as published in the EU Official Journal (OJ L, 2026/1081, EUR-Lex HTML and PDF), which confirms the title, the closing formula 'Done in Vilnius, this 5th day of September 2024', the authentic languages, the provisions in the summary and the Article 30 entry-into-force rule, and whose EUR-Lex page gives the date of entry into force as unknown (pending notification) or not yet in force; Council Decision (EU) 2024/2218 (EUR-Lex), which records the adoption by the Committee of Ministers on 17 May 2024; Council Decision (EU) 2026/1080 (EUR-Lex), which records the EU's signature, its approval on 21 April 2026, the Parliament's consent of 11 March 2026 and the EU's declarations; and the Council of Europe Publishing page for the treaty text (book.coe.int), which gives the identifier CETS No. 225 and the opening for signature on 5 September 2024. The record's own pages on www.coe.int (the Convention page and the press release on its opening for signature) are not stored: the site answered HTTP 403 to the archiver, in the plain download and in the browser retry. No Council of Europe Treaty Office page is stored either, so ratifications by states and the current number of signatories are not confirmed; the status rests on the EU's metadata and the Article 30 rule.

Second check: Independent check by Claude Code (claude-sonnet-5-5), 2026-10-17: 11 field(s) supported.

History

2026-10-18related: [{"slug": "coe-huderia", "id": "COE-02"}, {"slug": "eu-ai-act", "id": "EU-03"}] → [{"slug": "coe-huderia", "id": "COE-02"}, {"slug": "eu-ai-act", "id": "EU-03"}, — two-way link added: CH-01, NO-02, UA-01 link(s) to COE-012026-10-18-fix-related-links · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2026-10-17notes: Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 17 May 2024 and opened for signature in → Adopted by the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers on 17 May 2024 and opene — rewritten from the stored texts; the signatory list, the EU's deposit of 15 May 2026, the CDNET and the June 2026 CDNET report are not in any stored file and moved to open_questions2026-10-17-recheck-europe-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2026-10-17summary: The first legally binding international treaty on AI. Parties must ensure that a → A binding treaty under which Parties must ensure that activities within the life — rewritten from Articles 1, 3, 8, 9, 14 to 16 of the stored text; version 1's 'applies fully to the public sector' made precise (public authorities and private actors acting on their behalf)2026-10-17-recheck-europe-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2026-10-17secondary_url: https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/council-of-europe-opens-first-ever-global-tr → https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/agree_internation/2026/1081/oj/eng — the coe.int press release is not stored; the Convention's own text in OJ L 2026/1081 (EUR-Lex) is, so the record's local copy can hold the instrument's text2026-10-17-recheck-europe-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2026-10-17date_last_updated: 2026-05-15 → – — set to null: the field is for the last amendment or new version, and the Convention has not been amended (Article 28 procedure); the 2026-05-15 value was the EU's deposit, an act of one Party that no stored file shows2026-10-17-recheck-europe-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)

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Ukraine AI Regulation Roadmap (2023) Ukraine · Published (non-binding, current)

Citation

Council of Europe Committee of Ministers. Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law [CETS No. 225]. 2024-09-05. https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/the-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence. Status: Adopted, not yet in force; verified 2026-10-17 (level A). Local copy archive/COE-01/2026-10-17/secondary.html retrieved 2026-10-17 18:18:03 UTC, SHA-256 4527f31fd5977e1c4d13e8d4fae7ade6d6590059fb7afb08572ff0bdb4493214. Every AI Policy Ever, version 1.18 (snapshot 2026-10-18), record COE-01.

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