High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Developer and Deployer Act (HB 2094) – vetoed

Record US-VA-01 · HB 2094 (2025 Regular Session); would have added Chapter 58 (§§ 59.1-607 to 59.1-612) to Title 59.1 of the Code of Virginia

Issued by: Virginia General Assembly (2025 Regular Session; patron Del. Michelle Maldonado); vetoed by Governor Glenn Youngkin
Jurisdiction: Virginia (US)
Level · region: Sub-national · North America
Country: United States
Published / adopted: 2025-03-24
Language: English
Official identifier: HB 2094 (2025 Regular Session); would have added Chapter 58 (§§ 59.1-607 to 59.1-612) to Title 59.1 of the Code of Virginia

Summary

Passed bill to regulate high-risk AI systems intended to make, or be a substantial factor in making, consequential decisions on parole, education, employment, lending, health care, housing, insurance, marital status or legal services. Developers and deployers would have owed a duty of care against algorithmic discrimination; developers would have had to document uses, limitations, evaluation and mitigations and make synthetic content detectable, and deployers to run risk-management programmes, complete impact assessments and inform consumers. The Attorney General would have enforced it, with civil penalties of up to USD 10,000 per wilful violation, from 1 July 2026. Vetoed on 24 March 2025.

Safety topics

risk-based classificationaccountability & liabilityevaluation & testingtransparency & labelling

Status notes

Passed the House 51-47 on 3 Feb 2025; the Senate passed it with a substitute 21-19 on 19 Feb 2025, and the House agreed to the substitute 52-46 the same day. The enrolled bill was communicated to the Governor on 11 Mar 2025; he vetoed it on 24 Mar 2025, and the House sustained the veto on 1 Apr 2025. The bill generally mirrored Colorado's 2024 AI Act. Systems conforming to the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, ISO/IEC 42001 or another recognised AI risk management framework would have been presumed to conform; the Attorney General would have had exclusive enforcement power, and a developer or deployer that found a violation through red-teaming or otherwise and cured it within 45 days would have had an affirmative defence. Penalties were up to USD 1,000 per violation, and USD 1,000 to 10,000 per wilful violation. date_published is the veto date.

Sources

Open the official source https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2094

Secondary source: https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2025/03/veto-of-virginia-ai-bill-raises-questions

Local copy

Archived. Saved with a headless browser because the plain download looked incomplete. A source changed since the previous snapshot; both versions are kept. Last attempt 2026-10-18 00:08:52 UTC

Official source (third-party copy, not published) archive/US-VA-01/2026-10-11/official.html

Retrieved 2026-10-11 19:38:39 UTC

SHA-256 4d77cfc5d621c783d5b28c9cce1efef6fee2fbc8e32c9f0b05294dd05413a329

Warning: The page is a JavaScript application shell; the saved copy holds only the site's navigation, not the document

Official source, rendered in a browser (third-party copy, not published) archive/US-VA-01/2026-10-11/official-rendered.html

Retrieved 2026-10-11 19:39:56 UTC

SHA-256 e234e96bd7087e53cb301baf35a85d389f37019b7c2088fb6f6e9f0e76820f1f

Official source, printed to PDF by a browser (third-party copy, not published) archive/US-VA-01/2026-10-18/official-print.pdf

Retrieved 2026-10-18 00:10:51 UTC

SHA-256 101c81d9017971b169045a319ed56178a89356a8473b0ddd8e756239bff37c26

Secondary source (third-party copy, not published) archive/US-VA-01/2026-10-11/secondary.html

Retrieved 2026-10-11 19:38:42 UTC

SHA-256 c776951ecdee78b2b6372472644584e15c9c4e89ef4482b65d6b2a2e9a13d85e

Verification

The instrument's own official text, or an official register, was stored and confirms the title, date and status. checked 2026-10-18 · official-url-fetched

Recheck of 18 Oct 2026: re-read the LIS bill page for HB 2094 (2025 Regular Session), stored from lis.virginia.gov with the archiver's browser mode on 11 Oct 2026 and printed to PDF again on 17 Oct 2026 with the same text, and read the enrolled text (HB2094ER), stored from LIS with the browser mode on 17 Oct 2026. The bill page confirms the caption, the chief patron, the summary as passed, the votes, the veto on 24 Mar 2025 and the House sustaining it on 1 Apr 2025; the enrolled text confirms the short title, the Code chapter and sections, the duties and the penalties and the effective date of 1 Jul 2026. The Governor's name and the comparison with Colorado rest on a Skadden client note of 25 Mar 2025 (secondary). The Governor's veto explanation was not stored, so the reasons for the veto are not recorded.

Second check: Independent check by Claude Code (claude-sonnet-5-5), 2026-10-18: 6 field(s) supported.

History

2026-10-18notes: Passed the House and Senate by narrow margins in February 2025; the veto (24 Mar → Passed the House 51-47 on 3 Feb 2025; the Senate passed it with a substitute 21- — rewritten: votes, communication to the Governor, veto and sustained veto from the bill page; the conformity presumption, the cure defence and the penalties from the enrolled text; the veto's reasons and the 'second US state' remark removed, as no stored file supports them2026-10-18-recheck-americas-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2026-10-18summary: Passed bill, modelled on the Colorado AI Act, that would have created requiremen → Passed bill to regulate high-risk AI systems intended to make, or be a substanti — rewritten from the enrolled text: the full list of consequential decisions (education restored), the duty of care, the developers' documentation and synthetic-content duties, the deployers' consumer notice, and the penalty range; the comparison with Colorado moved to the notes2026-10-18-recheck-americas-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)
2026-10-18official_identifier: HB 2094 (2025 Regular Session); would have added Va. Code §§ 59.1-607 to 59.1-61 → HB 2094 (2025 Regular Session); would have added Chapter 58 (§§ 59.1-607 to 59.1 — the enrolled text names the Code chapter: Chapter 58 of Title 59.1, sections 59.1-607 to 59.1-6122026-10-18-recheck-americas-1 · Claude Code (claude-opus-5-5)

Related records

Colorado AI Act (2024) Colorado (US) · Superseded

Colorado ADMT Act (2026) Colorado (US) · Adopted, not yet in force

Citation

Virginia General Assembly (2025 Regular Session; patron Del. Michelle Maldonado); vetoed by Governor Glenn Youngkin. High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Developer and Deployer Act (HB 2094) – vetoed [HB 2094 (2025 Regular Session); would have added Chapter 58 (§§ 59.1-607 to 59.1-612) to Title 59.1 of the Code of Virginia]. 2025-03-24. https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2094. Status: Lapsed; verified 2026-10-18 (level A). Local copy archive/US-VA-01/2026-10-11/official.html retrieved 2026-10-11 19:38:39 UTC, SHA-256 4d77cfc5d621c783d5b28c9cce1efef6fee2fbc8e32c9f0b05294dd05413a329. Every AI Policy Ever, version 1.18 (snapshot 2026-10-18), record US-VA-01.

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